India among 10 nations with highest maternal mortality ratio; many poor countries likely to miss target set under Millennium Development Goal
Photo: Sayantoni Palchoudhuri
An estimated 289,000 women died in 2013 because of complications in pregnancy and childbirth. This is 45 per cent less than the total maternal deaths in 1990 when 523,000 mothers died in one year, says a report published by World Health Organization (WHO).
Women in sub-Saharan Africa still face the maximum risk of dying of complications arising from pregnancy and childbirth and India is among the 10 countries carrying highest burden of maternal deaths.
Despite advances in the past 20 years, there has been too little progress in preventing adolescent pregnancies, abortions, maternal deaths, sexually-transmitted infections and HIV, says the WHO report. It also found significant gaps in availability, quality and access to comprehensive sex education and services for young people, especially in low-income countries.
Another redeeming aspect of the report is that 11 countries that had high levels of maternal mortality in 1990—Bhutan, Cambodia, Cabo Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Maldives, Nepal, Romania, Rwanda, Timor-Leste—have already reached the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of a 75 per cent reduction in maternal mortality over 1990 levels, much before the deadline for 2015.
But going by the latest trends, as revealed in the report, many low- and middle-income countries will not achieve this goal.
“More than 15 million girls aged 15 to 19 years give birth every year—one in five girls before they turn 18—and many of these pregnancies result from non-consensual sex,” highlights Kate Gilmore, deputy executive director of United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). “Relatively simple and well-known interventions, like midwifery services and gender-based violence prevention and response, can make a huge difference if scaled up and coupled with investments in innovations, especially in the area of contraceptives,” said Gilmore.
| Highlights from report-Trends in maternal mortality estimates, 1990 to 2013 |
- Maternal mortality has declined: In 2013, the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was 210 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, down from 380 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births in 1990 (a 45 per cent reduction)
- Faster progress needed: The global reduction of MMR has accelerated, with a 3.5 per cent annual decline from 2000-2013, as compared with 1.4 per cent between 1990 and 2000. However, at current trends, most countries will not achieve the MDG target of 75 per cent reduction in MMR by 2015 over 1990 levels. An average decline of 5.5 per cent or more every year since 1990 is needed to meet the target
- Ten countries carry most of the burden: Ten countries account for about 60 per cent of global maternal deaths: India (50,000), Nigeria (40,000), Democratic Republic of the Congo (21,000), Ethiopia (13,000), Indonesia (8,800), Pakistan (7,900), United Republic of Tanzania (7,900), Kenya (6,300), China (5,900) and Uganda (5,900).
- Somalia and Chad have the highest risk: The highest lifetime risk of maternal death is in Somalia and Chad where women face a 1 in 18 and 1 in 15 lifetime risk respectively
|
