Climate change is shrinking the geographic range of many bumblebee species in North America and Europe, putting them in danger of future extinction, scientists say.
In a study of 67 species, researchers found that a geographic squeeze occurred on both continents over the past 40 years - While the northern borders of each species’ territory remained about the same on average, the southern borders generally moved northward.
That shift, by more than 100 miles (160 kilometers) in some cases, was most pronounced for species in the southern parts of the study areas. In North America, the study extended from the southern United States to northern Alaska.
The range loss implies that populations have declined and are on the road to disappearing, said study leader Jeremy Kerr, of the University of Ottawa in Canada. Results were released Thursday by the journal Science.
Analysis showed the changes were not due to differences in land use or the use of pesticides.
“The only explanation we’ve got is that it’s too hot for them,” he said.
Bumblebees are furry-looking and wild cousins of honeybees. They play a crucial role in nature by pollinating wild plants and some crops such as tomatoes and blueberries.
He said that because the geographic ranges of species overlap, the new study does not mean that vast areas of the continents have lost bumblebees completely. Rather, it means that many areas host fewer species than they used to. Such loss of diversity can hamper an environment’s ability to cope with changes like droughts, he said in an interview.
The bee trend was surprising because other land creatures like butterflies have extended their range north while maintaining their southern boundaries, researchers said.
His study drew on museum records of bumblebees captured by naturalists and researchers over decades. It focused on about 423,000 cases where the species, location and year of capture were known. Researchers set a baseline distribution of the species found between 1901 and 1974, and looked for changes at later time periods, most recently 1999 to 2010.
