Check If your Prelims Preparation IS going in the Right Direction [ By Mrunal ]

Prologue

Yes I’m alive[Mrunal] , and yes remaining of the economy survey lectures will be uploaded before prelims. Coming to the topic at hand- 20 days to go before prelims: is your ship sailing on the right path of revision?
After watching 3 movies of Suraj Barjatya, one can guestimate the nature of his fourth movie e.g. Even if Anupam Kher replaces Alok Nath- the Babuji’s character shall always be “sanskari”.
And same goes with UPSC. By observing the recent CAPF-2016 paper and comparing it with last years’ CSAT-2015 paper, one can see how the landscape of general studies paper is forming.

Polity: Laxmikanth and beyond

As usual, good number of Polity MCQ directly from Laxmikanth in CAPF-2016. But observe that focus is gradually towards “factual” information regarding dates and articles:

Factual MCQs	Characteristic/procedural MCQs
51A related with __? 10th Sch. Associated with ___? Art. ____ associated with amendment of constitution Vidhan parishad can be abolished under article no. __? J&K constitution came in force with ___ date?	Presidential government characteristics Constituent assembly Who acts as Chairman of Zila Parishad? Indian federalism Separation of powers means Bill passing procedure Cut motion

By and large factual MCQs are not difficult per se. But when you’re revising Laxmikanth, you’ve to wear googles accordingly.

Polity MCQs outside Laxmikanth

Both in CDS and CAPF, ~40% of the Polity MCQs are asked from outside Laxmikanth i.e. From academic political science / UGC NET papers. But there is no need to worry because

It doesn’t put you at disadvantage. Because nowadays rarely anyone prepares theory beyond Laxmikanth and current-Polity beyond Hindu/PRS. So, it’s not like others can tick more polity MCQs than you can.
Very little time left. So, no point in searching and preparing those non-Laxmikanth topics. They’ll not go and stay in head.

Observe the Non-Laxmikanth Polity MCQs in CAPF-2016
Factual	Bol-Bachchan 3TF
demand polity vs command polity- who coined these terms? Ans. Rudolf & Rudolf (from UGC-Net Paper, in earlier UPSC CAPF/CDS they asked same Q) ___Author divided Governments into republic, monarch, despotic: Ans. Montesquieu Who gave concept of Civil society? Ans. Friedrich Hegel Parochial political culture is found in ___ society (Developing/Tribal)	Sources of political legitimacy Meaning of Social equality Human rights: bol-bachchan statements utilitarianism ideology: bol-bachchan statement

Economy: Easy Questions

Sector receiving Highest FDI Ans. Service sector.
Which of the following is not an industrial corridor? Ans. It was easy to do by elimination.
Nairobi Package WTO statements.
WTO’s 10th Ministerial conference in Dec.2015 was held in __? (It was held in Nairobi- and in the previous question itself the examiner revealed it!)
Paris Agreement statements (since latest Economic survey devoted an entire chapter on this, hence I count Paris under Economy, and we shall be study it in the upcoming video series BES165)
Rail budget-2016 – new trains. (we’ll see it in BES165-Rail budget/infra lecture.)

Observations:

Thankfully nothing asked from microeconomics. But just to be safe after the latest APFC and CDS, I shall be covering microeconomics in my lecture this time- under the upcoming BES164.
Nothing from pillar 1 and 2 (i.e. banking and general budget).
As such in defense / paramil. Exams, UPSC ask less from economy.
Opposite to IAS-prelim-2015, here almost all economy is from current affairs but it’s not “RANDOM” current affairs- mostly arising from economic survey. So, you can solve them easily.
Therefore, your preparation is on right track, IF for economy you’re doing theory + current around survey. (= my last year’s ppt + this years’)

Economy: Tough Questions- Yearbook type

India’s first defense industrial park setup at ___? Ans. Ottappalam, Kerala (announced in July’15 & reappeared in Feb’16 showing that the span of )
KVIC: 3TF (Solved below)
Silk production (solved below)

KVIC statements

Khadi village industries commission aims to

providing employment in rural areas;
producing saleable articles;
creating self-reliance amongst people and building up a strong rural community spirit.

Ans: A)1,2,3 B) 1 and 2 C) 2,3 d) 1, 3
This is verbatim lifted from India yearbook 2016 ch.19 industries page 557. Answer is “all of them correct”. Tough because in real exam, mind can get doubtful- whether KVIC produces saleable articles? Then it becomes difficult to go through elimination.

Silk Varieties descending order

Consider 1)Muga, 2)Eri, 3)Mulberry, 4)Tasar: arrange them in decreasing order of production in India

3241
3421
2413
2143

This is also verbatim lifted from India yearbook 2016 ch.19 industries page 555. Correct order is Mulberry>> Tasar >> Eri >> Muga.
Some of you may have mugged up that Mulberry(3) is highest and Mugha (2) is lowest. But still through elimination it leaves option A and B. Hence I call it a difficult one.

Should I read Yearbook-2016 now?

It’ll be a fruitless exercise to wade through all 1000+ pages of yearbook at the moment. But atleast you must do following chapters:
1,2,3,12, 19, 20, 21, 28.
For the remaining chapters, either A) I’ve covered important maal from it, if relevant from economy/infra/HRD point of view. Or B) cost:beneift less for 20 days. therefore, you may avoid.

Environment: NIOS+NCERT is Zindabaad, here’s why

2014 was a curious year, for UPSC went crazier than usual in asking technical-tough questions from environment and agriculture. But since prelim-2015, normalcy has returned and its continuing till CAPF-2016. Four easy and two tough questions asked. Observe.

Environment: Easy questions direct from NCERT & NIOS

process of using microbes to treat land contaminated by pesticide, oil, solvent? Ans. Bioremediation, NIOS ch22
Ramsar convention associated with ___? Ans. Wetlands, NIOS Ch23
Which of the following are Carnivorous plants?
1. Sundew venus fly trap, Pitcher plant
2. Cascuta, Rafflesia, Mistletoe
3. Sandlewood tree, Broome rape, Pitcher plant
4. Cuscuta, Bladderwort, Mistletoe

Looks tough? No it’s not. Because As per NCERT Science Class 7 Ch.1, Pitcher plant is carnivore. And Sandlewood can’t be carnivour. Hence by process of elimination the answer is A)
Easy MCQ No.4: They asked correct sequence of Taxonomy hierarchy from NCERT Class-12 Biology. I’m not writing question, just mugup this chart sequence from same book-
Species=>Genus=>Family=>Order=>Class=>Phylum(division)=>Kingdom.

Environment: tough MCQs

Largest GHG leakage in US during Feb-2016. (Ans. Methane, California)
State with highest e-waste recycles (Ans. Karnataka, 52 unit in 2014)

Lesson: NCERT and NIOS has to be in the priority revision for environment. While for random current affairs/yearbook type info. The cost:Benefit bad so no point scavenging around.

Geography: India and Physical as usual

Earth Basics	Solar System: MCQ about Venus, Uranus, Nearest planet to earth and direction of rotation. Date line New york vs Los angeles. Pacific belt- volacano, earthquake, tsunami
Oceanography	Tide and Ebb timing Sea salinity relation with temperature, river discharge, rainfall
Climatology	relation with humidity and light intensity Factors affecting evaporation– area, humidity, wind-speed layer with highest conc. Of ions climate type code vs. Continent: Match city with highest annual range of temperature
India Physical	Dharwad Geological system: time period, where they’re found Geological chronology of various mountains River between Satpura and Vindhya ___. (yes, UPSC continues to show its affection for west-flowing river) Kolkata Riverine port, Major Minor ports – 3TF type statement. Statements abt salt mining- 3TF type statement. Survey of India was started by ____ British Ethnographer. Mineral hardness ascending order: (more on this under Economy MCQ section). Silk varieties in descending order: Muga, Eri, Mulberry, Tasar (more on this under Economy MCQ section).

Observations about Geography

Solar system theory is the microeconomics of Geography i.e. UPSC doesn’t regularly ask questions from this subject!. So, do it only after you’re done with everything else. However, Indian-space launch should be given higher priority, because they fall under science-tech.
Observe in physical portion, they are asking ‘factors/relations’ between variables. NCERTs are littered with such information, and during revision, you should take note of it.
As such NCERT + Rajtanil ma’am’s lecture series combo is sufficient to cover most of this. And it should form the core of your revision for remaining days before prelims-2016.
In defense/paramilitary exams, UPSC would focus more on physical portion within Indian geography. As such they did not ask world geography in latest CAPF, but when everything else is finished- you should go through it as well esp. locations of places where major summits were held/ disasters happened.

Science Tech

I see students getting unnecessarily emotional, panicked, and devoting too much time in this topic.
At most, you can revise major events related to defense, Indian-space launch, epidemics and environment. And here too just major-brief points rather than doing baal-ki-khaal. (hairsplitting)
It’s easy to release compilation of 50 different bacteria/inventions from 2015- who are capable of doing xyz good things. But it’s difficult to memorize and recall it in exam. Besides UPSC is not asking such things.
Science scene of CDS/CAPF – should be taken with a pinch of salt, because in those defense/paramilitary exams, UPSC tends to ask science MORE in terms of quantity and difficulty.
But as was the case with last prelims (2015), the Science MCQs are just a pinch higher than NCERTs. In CAPF’s case-meaning from class11 and 12.
Now there is little left time to wade through class11-12 science NCERTs, but atleast environmental chemistry, biotechnology and zoology type chapters should be done.

Chemistry: NCERT Zindabaad, here is why

Following are the MCQs UPSC asked in latest CAPF, and pretty much all of them from NCERTs

Change directly from Solid to Gas is called ___?
Cooling of water and ice at 273K
Bleaching powder properties
Graphite properties: non metal, electricity, tetrahedral, carbon allotrope
Ranking of gypsum, Topaz, Feldspar, etc according to hardness
Colloid example

Let’s solve the last two questions

Hardness of minerals from NCERT Geography

Q5) Arrange these according to increasing hardness: 1) Gypsum 2) Topaz 3) Fluorite 4) Feldspar

4321
1342
3421
1432

Looks random? No, it is almost verbatim from Physical geography class11, chapter 5 “Rock an minerals”. Observe following screenshot.
Point being: Every year, in every exam of UPSC- at least one question comes from Class-11 Physical Geography. But often enthusiastic students divert more of their energy in scavenging for new material/current affairs rather than revising what they already have.

Colloid from NCERT class12 chemistry ch.5

25) Which of the following is not a colloid? (UPSC CAPF-2016)

Milk
Mud
Butter
Boric Acid

Doesn’t hurt Mugging up this table from NCERT
Phase	Medium	Colloid Type	Example
Solid	Solid	Solid sol	Some coloured glasses and gem stones
Solid	Liquid	Sol	Paints, cell fluids
Solid	Gas	Aerosol	Smoke, dust
Liquid	Solid	Gel	Cheese, butter, jellies
Liquid	Liquid	Emulsion	Milk, hair cream
Liquid	Gas	Aerosol	Fog, mist, cloud, insecticide sprays
Gas	Solid	Solid sol	Pumice stone, foam rubber
Gas	Liquid	Foam	Froth, whipped cream, soap lather

In civil service prelim, they may want to ask bit more trickier e.g.
Find correct statements:

Aerosols are examples of colloids.
emulsions are liquid-liquid colloidal system.
Fertile Delta is also colloid
All of above correct. (yes that’s the answer from same chapter)

Applications of colloids- from same NCRRT chapter chem.12 Ch5.

Medical: milk of magnesia for stomach, silver argyrol for eyes, gold for injection.
Removing toxic elements before releasing gas from chimney. (Cottrel Precipitation)
Water purification, tanning animal hides
Paint, rubber and photography, leather tanning

Physics: NCERT is Zindaabad & here’s why

In CAPF-2016 they asked following topics

centrifugal force
factors affecting acceleration
Barometer in elevator- effect of speed
wrong statement abt Magnetism
sum abt Resistance, charge
Wrong statement abt Gravitational force
Gravitational Waves
Examples of vector quantities from given list

The good thing about Science (theory) MCQs= if you solve 4 old questions, you can gather enough information to solve fifth question.

Vector Quantity- CAPF-2016 MCQ

Which of the following is/are vector quantities? Energy, power, pressure, impulse, temperate, gravitational potential

Only impulse
Impulse and pressure
Impulse, pressure and temperature
Gravitational potential

This question is almost vertibm prepared from the exercise Q.4.3 given in NCERT Class-11 Physics ch4. Observe this screenshot

Anyways, I’ve created the list of scalar and vector from that chapter for your quick reference:

Scalar (have magnitude)	Vector (have magnitude + direction)
Volume, mass, speed, density, number of moles, angular frequency Temperature, pressure, time, power, total path length, energy, gravitational potential, coefficient of friction, charge. Work, current Magnetic flux	Acceleration Torque, velocity, angular velocity displacement Magnetic field, flux-density, field movement, intensity, field strength. Impulse They obey special rules of vector algebra.

Mind it: Magnetic flux is scalar while magnetic field is vector. And so many other confusing-tricky terms. So unless you can memorize fully, leave it, else high risk of ticking wrong answer
Gravitational Wave- memorize this
This topic sporadically keeps appearing both in UPSC and in Hindu. I’ll not go into the MCQ but rather, let’s just mugup the true statements.

Gravitational waves travel at Speed of light…yes.
Einstein predicted (1916) based on Gen. Theory of relativity…yes
Yes both Einstein and Newton were aware of them. Einstein said its pushing force; Newton said its Pulling force.
They’re Detected by Interferometers e.g. Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) in USA

Magnetism from NCERT Class12

Let’s just mugup a few things because they asked in CAPF

Earth Magnetism: Varies from place to place; Happens due to dynamo effect i.e. motion of iron-nickel metallic fluid
There are three type of material, because on their love of magnet

Ferromagnetic	Paramagnetic	Diagenetic
Strong love for magnet	Weak love for magnet	theHindu Columnists in front of Modi-magnet
Iron Cobalt Nickel gadolinium	Aluminium Calcium Chromium Lithium Magnesium Niobium Oxygen (STP) Platinum Tungsten	Bismuth Copper Diamond Gold Lead Mercury Nitrogen (STP) Silver Silicon

Medical Qs in UPSC CAPF-2016

Within biology portion- they ask questions from zoology and botany- but i put them under “environment” so, here we are left with medical/human health only
DNA subunit is called ___
Vaccination involves ___ principle (antibody injected / product or xyz)
Match isotope vs. Applications (verbatim given in NCERT class7)
Zika: wrong statement
Let’s check the last two

MCQ: Isotope application from NCERT

Match the following (I’ve already setup correct matches)

Isotope	Correct Application
Carbon: Cobalt: Iodine: Uranium:	Calculation of age of earth Treatment of cancer. Treatment of goitre. Fuel in nuclear reactors.

This is given verbatim in NCERT Science class-9, ch4, page 53.
You can mugup one more fact: Iodine125 = eye cancer treatment. (because BARC working on it, says India Yearbook-2016.)

MCQ: Zika Virus wrong statement

64) false statement abt Zika virus?

It was first isolated from a Monkey in Zika forest of Uganda (Correct hindu)
It is transmitted by daytime active aedes mosquitoes (Correct, CDC)
It doesn’t cause mother to child infection (this has to be wrong, because others are correct)
In pregnant women, it causes abnormal brain development of the foetus (Correct Hindu)

Yes, science-tech current affairs is asked but nothing hair-splitting micro topic. Just those loudest topics in news.

History, Art and Culture

CAPF-2016 they asked
World History	Meaning of Humanist during Renaissance Rome Architecture in 15th Cent.
Ancient India	Iron is mentioned in ___ ancient text
Medieval	Noting
Art and culture	Meghnad Badh Kavya written by ___. +2 other statements. Nazir Ahmad wrote ___ novel Barnaparichay Bengali text

Although world history is not part of the official syllabus of CAPF, they did ask questions from it. but now point in preparing it for Civil services-2016, because no time left for ‘just to be safe’ type topics.
As far as Ancient, Art and Culture is concerned: Better to revise what you already have prepared, rather than going after new material in the light of above MCQs. No need to loose sleep over art and culture anymore. Even last year IAS-prelim too they asked just 3 MCQs. The main focus had been British India…

British India and Freedom Struggle MCQs in CAPF-2016
society	Atmiya Sabha: Who founded it? Anglicists vs. orientalist
Economy	author vs. Economy book Match the following Permanent settlement meaning Ryotwari system
Freedom Struggle	Santhal Hool 1855 Champaran statements Congress- founding, pres. Morle Minto Quit India movement – features Swadeshi movement features

Just like last IAS-Prelims, they asked good number of questions from British India/Freedom struggle, and with a bit diluted difficult. Above MCQs can be solved easily via Spectrum / Pratik Nayak / Class-10 Tamilnadu. (and hopefully similar scene should prevail on 7th August)

Suggestion/Conclusions for Prelim-2016

#1: Don’t lose sleep over current affairs for Prelim-2016

Students (falsely) believe they’re “done” with theory hence they’ve to work on current affairs. But during lectures, when I casually show them these CAPF questions directly out of Laxmikanth/NCERT/Spectrum- many of them unable to even recognize that such thing is given on those books! let alone guessing a correct answer by elimination.
In this article, if you couldn’t immediately recall that mineral-hardness MCQ of chemistry is from Physical geography class-11, then you’re in the same league.
Therefore, for You’ve to get a grip over the books, you’ve to learn theory by heart…Before scavenging around for pirated PDFs of current affairs.
In CAPF- it’s established they’ll ask current affairs. yet combining all- there are hardly 19/125 MCQs from current affairs. and even within that- the economy current is centre around latest economic survey only.
Similar was the scene in last IAS-prelims- main focus on theory. UPSC examiners deliberately do it to ensure the candidates from poor families and faraway areas are not given injustice by asking only current.
Yes you’ve to prepare current affairs, but not as a main priority.

#2: Board Exam ki bochiyapanti bandh kro

Nowadays people are coming up with ‘studyplans’ Sunday 10AM to 11AM this chapter of polity, 11AM to 12noon this chapter of science.
UPSC is not board exam, just identify your weakness and work out accordingly.
In this CAPF MCQ compilation, if you couldn’t recall who founded atmiya sabha or what was the controversy between Anglicists and Orientalists?…. that means you have weak grip over freedom struggle subtopic “social/educational reforms”. Hence you’ve to do more dumbell lifting for that first, rather than doing hourly and chapterly coverage to ensure 100% syllabus completion (which is not possible anyways).

#3: A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

Theory: You already have these NCERTs, NIOS, yearbook, PPTs everything. No point in picking up some new synopsis/compilation by random magazine/publisher. For history, polity etc.
Current: whatever you’ve done is done is right- whether Hindu/indianexpress/Vision/insight/gktoday. No point in picking up new material (there is flood already). But, just revise what you already read or already have.
Because if you pick new material, it’ll not go and stay in head because of the stress.

#4: Prelim-2016 will be a tough paper but not an “unfair” paper

Yes, UPSC papers are tough- be it CSAT/CAPF/CDS/APFC- because difficult to memorize and recall all information, even if everything asked from routine books only.
But (hopefully and most certainly), just like last prelims, the next prelim-2016 will not be an ‘unfair’ paper, because

No Information asymmetry i.e. student paying 1 lakh rupees coaching-fees in Delhi knows importance of NCERT/yearbook/Hindu but outside Delhi student doesn’t know.

But that 90s era is long gone. Thanks to numerous blogs, websites, forums- now everyone knows everything and has everything. So, whether you’re in Kashmir or Kanyakumari- you’re not handicapped by your location but by your laziness.

No Graduation asymmetry i.e. if graduate from biotech, B.Sc Agriculture/Botany/Zoology can solve more MCQs than others. But that to has stopped since last year. Yes some non-laxmikanth political science / sociology type MCQs creep in, once in a while, but their size is too small to make a big difference in result.

#5: don’t get demoralized by online brigade

While online blogs, websites, forums are a blessing against information asymmetry of Delhi vs outside. But same online things also have negative aspects:

Any tom-dick-harry can cut-paste thehindu lines, change a fact / number and create 3 statement true/false type MCQs. Similarly they create daily current updates.
New players in their ‘scavenging mode’, get demoralized because of above “information overflow” and/or they change the mode of their preparation to fit into those MCQs e.g. focusing more towards trivial numbers and minutest Chartered accountant like clause-by-clause preparation of finance act, in economy (which is useless anyways).
Same way, some “Samaritans” continue posting new updates/pirate material 24/7 in online forums/groups/telegram. And new players instantly leave what they’re doing, and pick new things. Attention-span is getting less. “NIOS is not finished but someone uploads new environment survey, I’ll pick it- only until someone else upload space-mission compilation….then I’ll grab it”.

#6: Doing more and more of less and less

NSG -membership is in news. So yes you should prepare its basic function, theory, comparison against other 3 export control group. But trying to search which of the countries apart from China, blocked our entry in NSG group?- that’s a fruitless exercise.
Preparing list of geographical indicator (GI) tag list from each state. Hoping it’ll be asked somewhere in economy, geography or culture.
Focusing minutes details of Census-2011 or forest survey or HDI.
I can make a longer list but point is- these things should be last priority and should be done if only you’ve cleared prelims in past. Otherwise just stick to traditional stuff.

#7: Attempt must be given

With stress, weaker minds easily bend- “I should skip attempt this year. Waise bhi my optional syllabus was not over, so, even if I had given prelims I would fail in mains. Besides GPSC/RBI/IBPS xyz exam is coming.”
When you’re stressed- you can easily waste 4-5 hrs thinking like that. Besides, you don’t know what will happen next year- with exam structure or your own personal life.
Therefore, take an oath “I shall give attempt”. Don’t let negative or escapists thought get a grip over you.

#8: Checklist: Theory revision

Topic	First get a grip over this
Geography	NCERT esp. class-11 physical Rajtanil’s lecture/PPT series
Environment	NIOS, NCERT and India yearbook ch. 12. Since last prelims, they’ve diluted the difficulty and focused on theoratical portion more. So, not much point in going forCurrent affairs beyond Paris summit, energy related aspects-and I’ll be covering in the upcoming lecture BES165 series.
Economy	My last year’s lectures for theory and this year’s lectures for current. This year I’ll be covering microeconomics as well-under BES164. nothing difficult or lengthy. Just 1 hr sufficient to get a grip over the type of MCQs UPSC has asked in recent CDS and APFC exam. Better safe than sorry.
Polity	Laxmikanth, including memorization of important articles/facts. India yearbook Chapter 3 and 28. If time left- political science and sociology NCERT. But from CAPF, it seems they’re asking beyond this- so cost benefit less.
History	Freedom struggle: Spectrum and Pratik Nayak. Culture: NIOS. Nitin Singhanya- but only if you have read it once- previously. Ancient / Medieval: atleast Tamilandu Class-11 (or its equivalent i.e. Lucent or Old-NCERT)
Science	NCERT 7 to 10. If time left, selectively doing 11, 12 and selectively doing (any) GS-Manual’s science portion. Then science tech- major events/ developments only; without hairsplitting. Priority wise: health > chemistry > physics.

#9: Checklist: Current Affairs Revision

As I’ve rambled repeatedly throughout this article- current affairs comes as last priority, after you’ve done good grip over theory.

Polity:	As such UPSC has been focusing on theory only but no harm in checkup salient features of the loudest bills / acts since last year.
Economy:	current is centered around economic survey. So no point in taking much stress.
Science-tech:	only loudest topics in last one year.
History:	if there was someone’s anniversary in 5’s multiple e.g. Dr.Kalam, Dr. Amedbar, Gandhi return from S.Africa etc. (but these things should also be done AFTER main theory is done)
Defense/IR	In CDS, CAPF- it’s expected they ask a few questions from Defense and IR. UPSC is doing similar for IAS-prelim as well, albeit on a limited scale. Once everything else is finished, you should go through the major summits/exercises, missile launches, their locations, participants, themes, components.
Sports/ PIN	if you’ve been constantly clearing prelims for last 2 attempts, then you should spare time for this! Because, In IAS-prelims, UPSC had stopped asking Persons in News, sports, books, awards type MCQs since CSAT system was introduced. Since hardly 20 days left, no point in preparing such things just to be “safe” against the unpredictable. Because this information will not stay in mind for long, and difficult to recall in exam. If you’ve time, better to revise theory more.

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